112 câu trắc nghiệm Kinh tế lượng – Phần 2

6. Questionnaire design

KTL_003_C6_1: A questionnaire is a formalized set of questions involving one or more measurement scales designed to collect specified secondary data.
○ True
● False

KTL_003_C6_2: The first step in developing a questionnaire is to specify the information needed in researchable format.
● True
○ False

KTL_003_C6_3: In which of the following interviewing methods most complex question scales can be used easily?
● Personal interviews
○ Telephone interviews
○ Mail interviews
○ Online interviews

KTL_003_C6_4: Unstructured questions are also called as:
○ Close ended
● Open ended
○ Both
○ None

KTL_003_C6_5: Open ended questions are mostly used in:
● Exploratory research
○ Conclusive research
○ Both
○ None

KTL_003_C6_6: What should be avoided when developing a questionnaire?
○ Complex words
○ Ambiguous words
○ Leading questions
○ Generalizations
● All of the above
○ None of the above

KTL_003_C6_7: Double barrelled questions should be avoided in questionnaire development.
● True
○ False

KTL_003_C6_8: The forward and opening questions are highly important in gaining respondents’ trust and making them feel comfortable with the study.
● True
○ False

KTL_003_C6_9: Most socioeconomic and demographic questions are defined as:
○ Identification information
○ Specific information
● Classification information
○ All of the above

KTL_003_C6_10: A questionnaire should not be used in the field survey without being adequately pilot tested.
● True
○ False

KTL_003_C6_11: When selecting the use of a neutral alternative in dichotomous questions what considerations should be kept in mind?

If a neutral alternative is not included, respondents are forced to choose between “yes” and “no” even if they feel indifferent. On the other hand, if a neutral alternative is included, respondents can avoid taking a position on the issue, thereby biasing the results. The following guidelines are offered. If a substantial proportion of the respondents can be expected to be neutral, include a neutral alternative. If the proportion of neutral respondents is expected to be small, avoid the neutral alternative.

KTL_003_C6_12: Describe the importance of pilot testing in questionnaire building.

Once the preliminary questionnaire has been developed a researcher should test the questionnaire on a small sample of respondents to identify and eliminate potential problems. This sampling process is called pilot testing. It is advised that, a questionnaire should not be used in the field survey without being adequately pilot tested. A pilot test provides testing of all aspects of a questionnaire including, content, wording, order, form and layout. The sample respondents selected for the pilot test must be similar to those who will be included in the actual survey in terms of their background characteristics, familiarity with the topic and attitudes and behaviours of interest. An initial personal interview based pilot test is recommended for all types of surveys because the researcher can observe respondents’ attitudes and reactions towards each question. Once the necessary changes have been made using the initial personal interview based pilot test, another pilot test could be conducted for mail, telephone or internet based survey. Most researchers recommend a pilot test sample between 15 and 30 respondents. If the study is very large involving multiple stages, a larger pilot test sample may be required. Finally, the response obtained from the pilot test sample should be coded and analysed. These responses can provide a check on the adequacy of the data obtained in answering the issue at hand.

KTL_003_C6_13: What are the steps involved in questionnaire building?

While there is a debate with regard to questionnaire building process, there is consensus among the research community that the designing process involves some established rules of logic, objectivity and systematic procedures. The generic process of questionnaire building involves following steps.
– Specification of the information needed in researchable format
– Selection of interview method
– Determination of question composition
– Determination of individual question content
– Developing question order, form and layout
– Pilot testing the questionnaire

KTL_003_C6_14: Describe the use of forward, generic and specific information questions in questionnaire development.

The questionnaire can be divided in three main parts generally: forward and opening questions; generic information questions; specific information questions.

The forward and opening questions are highly important in gaining respondents’ trust and making them feel comfortable with the study. It also improves the response rate among the respondent if they find it worthwhile and interesting. Questions pertaining to opinion can give a good start to most questionnaires as everyone likes to give some opinion about issues at hand. At times, when it is necessary to qualify a respondent (i.e. determine if they are part of the defined target population), opening questions can act as qualification questions.

Generic information questions are divided into two main areas: classification information questions and identification information questions. Most socioeconomic and demographic questions (age, gender, income group, family size and so on) provide classification information. On the other hand, respondent name, address, and other contact information provide identification information. It is advisable to collect classification information before identification information as most respondents do not like their personal information collected by researchers and this process may alienate the respondent from the interview.

The specific information questions are questions directly associated with the research objectives. They mostly involve various scales and are complex in nature. This type of questions should be asked later in the questionnaire after the rapport has been established between the researcher and the respondent. Most researchers agree that it is good to start with forward and opening questions followed progressively by specific information question and concluding with classification and identification information questions.